The difference between by and until is that by indicates a deadline or a specific point in time, while until indicates a period of time or a point when a situation changes. For example:
- I have to finish this project by Friday. This means that Friday is the latest time that I can complete the project.
- I will work on this project until Friday. This means that I will continue working on the project from now until Friday.
Some more examples are:
- She will be here by 10 o’clock. This means that she will arrive no later than 10 o’clock.
- She will be here until 10 o’clock. This means that she will stay here from now until 10 o’clock.
- He learned English by watching movies. This means that watching movies was the method he used to learn English.
- He learned English until he was fluent. This means that he kept learning English for a long time until he achieved fluency.
